Define the English name of Internet of Things as "The Internet of Things". It can be seen from the name that the Internet of Things is the "Internet of Things Connected". This has two meanings: First, the core and foundation of the Internet of Things is still the Internet, which is a network that extends and expands on the basis of the Internet; Second, its user end extends and extends to any item and item. , For information exchange and communication. Therefore, the definition of the Internet of Things is to use radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing equipment to connect any item to the Internet according to an agreed protocol for information exchange and communication. , In order to realize the intelligent identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring and management of a network. The “things” here must meet the following conditions to be included in the scope of the “Internet of Things”: 1. A receiver with corresponding information; 2. A data transmission path; 3. A certain storage function; 4. Have a CPU; 5. Have an operating system; 6. Have a special application; 7. Have a data transmitter; 8. Follow the communication protocol of the Internet of Things; 9. Have a unique number that can be identified in the world network. In September 2009, at the China-EU Symposium on the Internet of Things and Enterprise Environment in Beijing, Dr. Lorent Ferderix, head of the RFID department of the Information and Social Media Department of the European Commission, gave the EU's definition of the Internet of Things: the Internet of Things is a dynamic global Network infrastructure, which has self-organization capabilities based on standards and interoperable communication protocols, in which physical and virtual “things” have identity, physical attributes, virtual characteristics and intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated with information 网一道，构成未来互联网。
Background "Schematic diagram of logistics network" The concept of the Internet of Things was proposed in 1999. In the past in China, the Internet of Things was called a sensor network. The Chinese Academy of Sciences started research on sensor networks as early as 1999, and has achieved some scientific research results and established some applicable sensor networks. In 1999, the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networks held in the United States proposed that "the sensor network is another development opportunity facing mankind in the next century." In 2003, the US "Technology Review" proposed that sensor network technology will be the top ten technology that will change people's lives in the future. On November 17, 2005, at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) in Tunisia, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) released the "ITU Internet Report 2005: Internet of Things", which officially put forward the concept of "Internet of Things". The report pointed out that the ubiquitous "Internet of Things" communication era is coming, and all objects in the world, from tires to toothbrushes, from houses to paper towels, can be actively exchanged through the Internet. Radio frequency identification technology (RFID), sensor technology, nanotechnology, intelligent embedded technology will be more widely used. According to the description of the ITU, in the era of the Internet of Things, by embedding a short-distance mobile transceiver in various daily necessities, human beings will obtain a new dimension of communication in the world of information and communication, from any time, any place The communication connection between people extends to the communication connection between people and things and things and things. The rise of the concept of the Internet of Things is largely due to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 2005 annual Internet report entitled Internet of Things. However, the ITU report lacks a clear definition of the Internet of Things. On January 28, 2009, after Obama assumed the presidency of the United States, he held a "round table meeting" with American business leaders. As one of the only two representatives, IBM CEO Samuel Palmerston first proposed the concept of "smart earth" , It is recommended that the new government invest in a new generation of smart infrastructure. News on February 24, 2009, IBM Greater China CEO Qian Daqun announced the latest strategy called "Smart Earth" at the 2009 IBM Forum. Once this concept was put forward, it has attracted great attention from all walks of life in the United States. Some analysts even believe that this idea of IBM Corporation is very likely to rise to the United States' national strategy and cause a sensation worldwide. IBM believes that the next stage of the IT industry’s task is to fully utilize the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life, specifically, to embed and equip sensors in power grids, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, and water supply. Systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects are commonly connected to form the Internet of Things. In response to China’s economic situation, Qian Daqun said that China’s infrastructure construction space is vast, and the Chinese government is using huge control capabilities, implementation determination, and supporting funds to carry out large-scale construction of necessary infrastructure. The "smart earth" is A strategy will produce greater value. At the strategy conference, IBM also proposed that if the concept of “wisdom” is implanted in the implementation of infrastructure construction, not only can it effectively stimulate the economy and promote employment in a short period of time, but it can also create a new platform for China in a short period of time. Mature smart infrastructure platform. Qian Daqun said that many major problems in the world today, such as the financial crisis, energy crisis, and environmental degradation, can actually be solved in a more "smart" way. While the global economic situation is sluggish, it is also gestating future development opportunities. China can not only use this opportunity to open up new optimistic industries and new markets, accelerate development, and get rid of the impact of the economic crisis.
IBM hopes that the "smart planet" strategy can set off another technological revolution after the "Internet" wave. Former IBM CEO Gerstner once put forward an important point, that the computing model changes every 15 years. This judgment is as accurate as Moore's law, and people call it the "15-year cycle law." The changes that took place around 1965 were marked by mainframes, around 1980 by the popularization of personal computers, and around 1995 the Internet revolution took place. Every such technological change has caused major turbulence and changes in the competition pattern among enterprises, industries and even countries. The Internet revolution is to a certain extent matured by the US "information highway" strategy. In the 1990s, the U.S. Clinton administration planned to spend 200-400 billion U.S. dollars in 20 years to build the U.S. national information infrastructure, creating huge economic and social benefits. And today, many Americans believe that the "smart earth" strategy has many similarities with the "information superhighway" of the year, and they are also regarded as a key strategy to revitalize the economy and establish a competitive advantage. Whether this strategy can set off the same technological and economic wave as the Internet revolution in the past is not only concerned by the United States, but also by the world. "The Internet of Things has a very broad prospect, and it will greatly change our current lifestyle." said Zhao Guoan, director of the National Electrotechnical and Electronics Demonstration Center of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Industry experts say that the Internet of Things personifies our lives, and everything becomes like human beings. In this interconnected world, objects (commodities) can "communicate" with each other without human intervention. The Internet of Things uses radio frequency automatic identification (RFID) technology to realize the automatic identification of items (commodities) and the interconnection and sharing of information through the computer Internet. It can be said that the Internet of Things depicts a world full of intelligence. In the world of the Internet of Things, things are connected and connected. At the Second China Mobile Government Affairs Seminar "Knowledge Society and Innovation 2.0" held at Peking University in November 2008, experts pointed out that the development of mobile technology and Internet of Things technology has driven the transformation of economic and social forms and innovation forms, and promoted Facing the knowledge society, the next generation of innovation (Innovation 2.0) with user experience as the core is formed. Innovation and development pay more attention to users and put people first. Some research institutes predict that the Internet of Things may be popularized on a large scale within 10 years. This technology will develop into a trillion-dollar high-tech market whose industry is 30 times larger than the Internet. It is reported that the IoT industry chain can be subdivided into four links: identification, perception, processing, and information transmission. The key technologies of each link are RFID, sensors, smart chips, and wireless transmission networks of telecom operators. EPOSS analyzed and predicted in the "Internet of Things in 2020" report that the future development of the Internet of Things will go through four stages. Before 2010, RFID was widely used in logistics, retail and pharmaceutical fields. The Internet of Things in 2010~2015, 2015~2020 Objects will enter semi-intelligence in 2010, and objects will become fully intelligent after 2020. As a pioneer in the development of the Internet of Things, RFID has become the most concerned technology in the market. Data show that the global RFID market in 2008 has risen from 4.93 billion US dollars in 2007 to 5.29 billion US dollars. This figure covers all aspects of the RFID market, including tags, readers, other infrastructure, software and services. RFID cards and card-related infrastructure will account for 57.3% of the market, reaching US$3.03 billion. Applications from the financial and security industries will promote the growth of the RFID card market. Analysys International predicts that China's RFID market will reach 5 billion yuan in 2009, with a compound annual growth rate of 33%. Among them, electronic tags will exceed 3.8 billion yuan, readers will reach 700 million yuan, and software and services will reach 500 million yuan. pattern. MEMS is the abbreviation of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System. MEMS technology is based on micro/nano and has a broad market prospect. The main advantages of MEMS sensors are their small size and rapid cost reduction after mass production. At present, they are mainly used in automotive and consumer electronics. According to the latest ICInsight report, it is estimated that between 2007 and 2012, the global sales of MEMS-based semiconductor sensors and actuators will reach a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19%, which is five years from the US$4.1 billion in 2007. After that, it will achieve annual sales of 9.7 billion US dollars. Realizing the economic growth point of the Internet of Things Industry experts believe that on the one hand, the Internet of Things can improve economic efficiency and greatly save costs; on the other hand, it can provide technological power for the recovery of the global economy. At present, the United States, the European Union, and China are all investing heavily in research and exploration of the Internet of Things. my country is also paying great attention to the research of the Internet of Things. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in conjunction with relevant departments, is conducting research on the new generation of information technology to form policy measures to support the development of the new generation of information technology.
MEMS is the abbreviation of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System. MEMS technology is based on micro/nano and has a broad market prospect. The main advantages of MEMS sensors are their small size and rapid cost reduction after mass production. At present, they are mainly used in automotive and consumer electronics. According to the latest ICInsight report, it is estimated that between 2007 and 2012, the global sales of MEMS-based semiconductor sensors and actuators will reach a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 19%, which is five years from the US$4.1 billion in 2007. After that, it will achieve annual sales of 9.7 billion US dollars. Realizing the economic growth point of the Internet of Things Industry experts believe that on the one hand, the Internet of Things can improve economic efficiency and greatly save costs; on the other hand, it can provide technological power for the recovery of the global economy. At present, the United States, the European Union, and China are all investing heavily in research and exploration of the Internet of Things. my country is also paying great attention to the research of the Internet of Things. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in conjunction with relevant departments, is conducting research on the new generation of information technology to form policy measures to support the development of the new generation of information technology. China Mobile President Wang Jianzhou repeatedly mentioned that the Internet of Things will become the focus of China Mobile's future development. He said he would invite Taiwanese manufacturers of RFID, sensors and barcodes to cooperate with China Mobile. According to him, using the Internet of Things technology, Shanghai Mobile has tailor-made a complete set of wireless integrated application solutions that integrate data collection, transmission, processing and business management for multiple industry customers. The latest data shows that Shanghai Mobile has currently installed more than 100,000 chips on taxis and buses, and various forms of Internet of Things applications have shown their magic in all walks of life to ensure the orderly operation of the city. During the Shanghai World Expo, "Chewutong" will be fully used in Shanghai's public transportation system to ensure the smooth flow of large-volume traffic around the Expo Park with the most advanced technology; "e-logistics" for logistics enterprise transportation management will provide users with real-time Accurate cargo condition information, vehicle tracking and positioning, transportation route selection, logistics network design and optimization and other services have greatly improved the comprehensive competitiveness of logistics enterprises. In addition, after the "Internet of Things" is popularized, the number of sensors, electronic tags and supporting interface devices for animals, plants, machines, and objects will greatly exceed the number of mobile phones. The promotion of the Internet of Things will become another driving force to promote economic development, opening up yet another development opportunity with endless potential for the industry. According to the current demand for the Internet of Things, billions of sensors and electronic tags will be needed in recent years, which will greatly promote the production of information technology components and increase a large number of employment opportunities. According to reports, there are two important factors to truly build an effective Internet of Things. The first is scale. Only with scale, can the intelligence of objects be brought into play. For example, if there are 1 million cars in a city, if we only install an intelligent system on 10,000 cars, it is impossible to form an intelligent transportation system. The second is mobility. Items are usually not stationary, but in motion. , The object must be kept in motion, and dialogue can be realized at any time even under high-speed motion. The American authoritative consulting organization FORRESTER predicts that by 2020, the Internet of Things business in the world will reach 30 to 1 compared with the business of people-to-people communication. Therefore, the "Internet of Things" is called the next trillion level. Communication business. Why is the Internet of Things heat wave growing rapidly in China? The rapid rise of the Internet of Things in China benefits from my country's several advantages in the Internet of Things. First, China started the research on the core sensor network technology of the Internet of Things as early as 1999, and the level of research and development is at the forefront of the world; second, in the field of world sensor networks, China is one of the leading countries in standards and has a high number of patents; third , China is currently one of the countries that can realize the complete industrial chain of the Internet of Things; fourth, China’s high wireless communication network and broadband coverage provide solid infrastructure support for the development of the Internet of Things; fifth, China has become the world’s No. The three major economies have relatively strong economic strength to support the development of the Internet of Things.
The Internet of Things has a wide range of uses, covering smart transportation, environmental protection, government work, public safety, safe home, smart fire protection, industrial monitoring, elderly care, personal health, flower cultivation, water system monitoring, food traceability, enemy investigation, intelligence collection, etc. Areas. A report of the International Telecommunication Union in 2005 described the picture of the "Internet of Things" era: When the driver makes an operating error, the car will automatically alarm; the briefcase will remind the owner what to bring; the clothes will "tell" the washing machine about the color And water temperature requirements and so on. Yibo Logistics Consulting vividly introduced the application of the Internet of Things in the logistics field. For example, when a truck with an Internet of Things system is applied by a logistics company, when the load is overweight, the car will automatically tell you that it is overloaded and how much is overloaded, but there is still space left. , Tell you how to match the light and heavy goods; when the porter unloads the goods, a package of goods may yell "You hurt me by throwing it" or "My dear, please don't be too brutal, can you?"; when the driver is there Gossiping with others, the truck will pretend to be the boss's voice and roar "Idiot, it's time to start!" The Internet of Things makes full use of the new generation of IT technology in all walks of life, specifically, embedding and equipping sensors into the power grid , Railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water supply systems, dams, oil and gas pipelines and other objects, and then integrate the "Internet of Things" with the existing Internet to achieve the integration of human society and physical systems. In the integrated network, there is a central computer group with super powerful capabilities, which can implement real-time management and control of personnel, machines, equipment and infrastructure in the integrated network. On this basis, humans can manage in a more refined and dynamic manner. Production and life, achieve a state of "smart", improve resource utilization and productivity, and improve the relationship between man and nature. There is no doubt that if the "Internet of Things" era comes, people's daily lives will undergo earth-shaking changes. However, regardless of privacy and radiation issues, it seems unrealistic to implant all items with identification chips. People are moving towards the "Internet of Things" era, but this process may take a long time.
Principle Internet of Things is based on the computer Internet, using RFID, wireless data communication and other technologies to construct an "Internet of Things" covering everything in the world. In this network, items (commodities) can "communicate" with each other without human intervention. Its essence is to use radio frequency automatic identification (RFID) technology to realize the automatic identification of items (commodities) and the interconnection and sharing of information through the computer Internet. A very important technology in the Internet of Things is radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. RFID is the English abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification technology. It is an automatic identification technology that began in the 1990s and is currently a relatively advanced non-contact identification technology. Based on a simple RFID system, combined with existing network technology, database technology, middleware technology, etc., to build a large number of networked readers and countless mobile tags, the Internet of Things, which is larger than the Internet, has become the development of RFID technology the trend of. RFID is exactly a technology that allows items to "talk". In the concept of "Internet of Things", RFID tags store standardized and interoperable information, and they are automatically collected to the central information system through the wireless data communication network to realize the identification of items (commodities), and then through the open The computer network realizes information exchange and sharing, and realizes "transparent" management of items. The advent of the concept of "Internet of Things" broke the previous traditional thinking. The idea in the past has always been to separate physical infrastructure and IT infrastructure: airports, highways, and buildings on the one hand, and data centers, personal computers, and broadband on the other. In the era of "Internet of Things", reinforced concrete, cables, chips, and broadband will be integrated into a unified infrastructure. In this sense, infrastructure is more like a new earth construction site on which the world moves. Including economic management, production operation, social management and even personal life. Development steps
Development steps The development of the Internet of Things in practical applications requires the participation of all walks of life, and requires the leadership of the national government and the assistance of relevant regulations and policies. The development of the Internet of Things has large-scale, extensive participation, management, technical, and material aspects. Among them, technical issues are the most critical issue of the Internet of Things. According to Yibo Logistics Consulting, the Internet of Things technology is a comprehensive technology and a system. At present, there is no company in China that can comprehensively Responsible for the overall system planning and construction of the Internet of Things, theoretical research has been carried out in all walks of life, but the actual application is only limited to the industry. The key to the planning and design and research and development of the Internet of Things lies in the research in the fields of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and transmission data calculation. Generally speaking, the main steps for the development of the Internet of Things are as follows: (1) Identify the attributes of objects. Attributes include static and dynamic attributes. Static attributes can be directly stored in tags. Dynamic attributes need to be detected by sensors in real time; (2) The identification device is required to complete the reading of the attributes of the object and convert the information into a data format suitable for network transmission; (3) Transmit the information of the object to the information processing center through the network (the processing center may be distributed, such as a computer at home) Or mobile phones, or centralized, such as China Mobile's IDC), the processing center completes the calculation of object communication. Key Areas The "National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan (2006-2020)" and the "New Generation Broadband Mobile Wireless Communication Network" major special projects include sensor networks as key research areas. At present, China’s technology research and development level is at the forefront of the world. The Chinese Academy of Sciences started sensor network research 10 years ago and invested hundreds of millions of yuan. At present, China, together with Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, South Korea and other countries, has become an international standard formulation. One of the main countries. Guosen Securities believes that the key to the Internet of Things lies in the fields of RFID, sensors, embedded software, and data transmission calculations. From the perspective of IT hardware and equipment listed companies, the areas that can benefit from the theme of the Internet of Things are: (1) QR codes and RFID, mainly Newland (000997.SZ), RFID chips, electronic tags and The readers of Yuanwanggu, Shanghai Belling (600171.SH) and its subsidiaries Alfadi, Xiamen Xinda (000701.SZ) subsidiary Xinda Huicong; (2) Sensor-related East China Technology (000727.SZ) ) Subsidiary Nanjing Gaohua Technology, Changjiang Electronics Technology (600584.SH) of MEMS packaging; (3) Datang Telecom (600198.SH), Eastcom Peace (002017.SZ) related to TD-SCDMA chips and SIM cards , Changdian Technology of SiP package. Nissin Securities believes that in the next 3 to 5 years, the first RFID manufacturer that will definitely benefit from the construction of the Internet of Things, Yuanwanggu; in the short term, Newland will also obtain good development opportunities in the field of supply chain management by virtue of the low-cost advantage of QR codes . China Mobile has a strong interest in the development of the Internet of Things out of the consideration of expanding its value-added business income. Eastcom Peace and Datang Telecom are expected to obtain more than expected growth opportunities. In addition, investors can pay attention to MEMS sensor concept manufacturer Goertek (002241.SZ), Topband Electronics (002139.SZ) in the field of intelligent control of household appliances, and related listed companies in the integrated circuit industry chain. United Securities believes that the equipment companies that benefit from the generation of Internet of Things information include Yuanwanggu and Newland, but the industrial logic of IT equipment manufacturing is a global competition of technology and cost. In the context of the upturn in the industry, whether relevant companies can obtain growth opportunities needs to be analyzed and confirmed again from the bottom up; equipment companies that benefit from the transmission of Internet of Things information include Fiberhome Communications (600498.SH) in the field of optical communication systems and optical devices. , ZTE (000063.SZ) and Accelink Technology (002281.SZ). The industrial structure of communication equipment manufacturing is obviously tilted towards China’s dominant companies. The demand generated by the Internet of Things will drive the continuous growth of related companies; and the operating companies that benefit from the transmission of Internet of Things information include WIFI operator China Unicom (600050.SH) and China Telecom. Guosen Securities also reminded that from the current domestic development level, there are still bottlenecks in the development of the Internet of Things: first, the core areas such as high-end RFID chips cannot be industrialized, and domestic RFID is mainly low-frequency; second, the domestic sensor industrialization level is low , High-end products are monopolized by foreign manufacturers; the third is the huge amount of data calculation to realize the Internet of Things, and a revolution in algorithms is needed.
Developing China has the right to speak—that is, forming the Internet of Things. On October 24, 2009, at the 4th China Private Technology Enterprise Expo in China, Xi’an Advantage Microelectronics announced: China’s first Internet of Things Chinese core——" With the successful development of the "Tangxin No. 1" chip, China has overcome the core technology of the Internet of Things. Tangxin No. 1 chip is a 2.4G ultra-low power radio frequency programmable system-on-chip PSoC, which can meet the special needs of wireless sensor networks, wireless personal area networks, active RFID and other Internet of Things applications under various conditions. The development of the Internet of Things industry has laid the foundation. "Different from the computer and Internet industries, China has the right to speak internationally in the field of'Internet of Things'!" said Liu Haitao, deputy director of the Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and director of the Wuxi High-tech Micronano Sensor Network Engineering Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, proudly. At present, my country’s wireless communication network has covered both urban and rural areas, from prosperous cities to remote rural areas, from islands to Mount Everest. There are wireless network coverage everywhere. Wireless network is an indispensable infrastructure for the realization of the "Internet of Things". Digital signals generated by electronic media placed on animals, plants, machines and objects can be transmitted through the ubiquitous wireless network anytime and anywhere. The application of "cloud computing" technology makes it possible to manage hundreds of millions of various items in real time. In the new industry of "Internet of Things", my country's technology research and development level is at the forefront of the world and has a significant influence. The Chinese Academy of Sciences started research on sensor networks as early as 1999, which has the advantage of co-development compared with other countries. The institute has formed a team of more than 2,000 people and has invested hundreds of millions of yuan to make significant progress in wireless intelligent sensor network communication technology, micro sensors, sensor terminals, mobile base stations, etc., and currently has a range of materials, technologies, devices, and systems. The complete industrial chain to the network. In the field of world sensor networks, China, together with Germany, the United States, and South Korea, has become one of the leading countries in the formulation of international standards. Industry experts said that mastering the world's right to speak in the "Internet of Things" is not only reflected in leading technology, but also in that my country is one of the few countries in the world that can achieve industrialization. This makes it possible for my country to catch up and even occupy the high end of the industrial value chain in the field of information technology. Wuxi Micro-Nano Sensor Network Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences (hereinafter referred to as "Wuxi Sensor Network Center") is the core unit currently researching the Internet of Things in China. On August 7, 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao paid great attention to the micro-nano sensor research and development center during his investigation in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and proposed the idea of setting up the sensor network center in Wuxi and spreading the country. Premier Wen Jiabao pointed out that “in the development of sensor networks, we must plan the future earlier and break through core technologies earlier”, “accelerate the development of sensor networks in major national science and technology projects”, and “establish China’s sensor information center as soon as possible. Or called the "Perception China" Center." After receiving the instructions, the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and Government earnestly implemented the Prime Minister's requirements, embraced the "Internet of Things" enthusiastically, focused on platform construction and application demonstration work, and quickly formed the first-mover advantage of R&D security and industrial breakthroughs. Wuxi City has made arrangements: use the power of the city to seize the commanding heights of the new round of technological revolution, and build Wuxi into a highland of innovation, talent and industry for sensor network information technology. In 2009, the sensor products of Wuxi Sensor Network Center were successfully applied at Shanghai Pudong International Airport and Shanghai World Expo. The first batch of sensor safety protection equipment worth 1.5 million yuan was successfully sold. This set of equipment consists of 100,000 tiny sensors. Scattered on the walls and the surrounding roads. The sensor can analyze and judge based on information such as sound, image, vibration frequency, etc., whether the person climbing on the wall is a person or an animal such as a cat or dog. After a coordinated system is formed by a variety of sensing methods, it can prevent offensive intrusions such as personnel overtaking, smuggling, and terrorist attacks. As the efficiency is higher than the anti-intrusion products of the United States and Israel, the State Civil Aviation Administration of China officially issued a document requesting that all civil airports across the country should adopt domestically-made sensor network anti-intrusion systems. As of August 2009, only Pudong Airport directly purchased more than 40 million yuan in sensor network products, plus a total of 50 million yuan in accessories. Liu Haitao said that if nearly 200 civilian airports across the country are equipped with anti-intrusion systems, a market size of tens of billions will be generated.
University research Internet of Things research in Chinese universities, the current focus is on Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications and Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. As the center of "perceiving China", Wuxi signed a cooperation agreement with Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications on sensor network technology research and industrial development in September 2009 [1], marking China's "Internet of Things" has entered the actual construction stage. The agreement states that Wuxi will cooperate with Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications to build a research institute. The content will mainly focus on sensor networks, involving optical communication, wireless communication, computer control, multimedia, networking, software, electronics, automation and other technical fields. In addition, related applications Technical research, the transformation of scientific research results and the promotion of industrialization are also included in the agenda. In order to actively participate in the scientific and technological innovation and achievement transformation of the "Perceived China" center and the Internet of Things construction, and maintain and expand the school’s advantages in the Internet of Things research field, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications recently held a seminar on the Internet of Things to adjust the scientific research institutions and Professional setting, newly established the Internet of Things and Sensor Network Research Institute and the Internet of Things College. On September 10, 2009, the first Internet of Things research institute in a national university was formally established at Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. [2] Xinhua Daily reporters visited the "Wireless Sensor Network Research Center" of Nanjing Post, where researchers have been dealing with the "Internet of Things" for five or six years. In the laboratory, some "Internet of Things" products have begun to take shape. In addition, Nanjing Post has a series of measures to promote research on the construction of the Internet of Things: setting up special scientific research projects on the Internet of Things, encouraging teachers to actively participate in the research on the construction of the Internet of Things; launching the construction of the "Smart Nanyou" platform, building an IoT demonstration area on campus, etc. . Government measures China will adopt four major measures to support telecom operators to carry out innovation and application of Internet of Things technology. These measures include: 1. Break through the key core technologies of the Internet of Things and realize technological innovation. At the same time, in combination with the characteristics of the Internet of Things, when breakthroughs in key common technologies, research and development and promotion of application technologies, strengthen the research and development of industry and field Internet of Things technology solutions and the construction of public service platforms, and use application technologies as the support for breakthrough application innovation. 2. Formulate China's Internet of Things development plan and make a comprehensive layout. Focus on the development of high-end sensors, MEMS, smart sensors and sensor network nodes, sensor gateways; UHF RFID, active RFID and RFID middleware industries, etc., and focus on the development of IoT-related terminals and equipment, as well as software and information services. 3. Promote the demonstration of typical IoT applications and drive development. Through the interactive development of application guidance and technology research and development, the development of the industry with animal networking. Focus on the construction of typical application demonstration projects of sensor networks in public services and key industries, establish a development model that uses applications to drive the industry, and eliminate bottlenecks that restrict the scale development of sensor networks. Deeply develop the information resources collected by the Internet of Things, and enhance the overall value of the industrial chain of the application process of the Internet of Things. 4. Strengthen the international and domestic standards of the Internet of Things to ensure development. Do a good job in top-level design to meet industry needs, and form a coordination and interaction mechanism for technological innovation, standards and intellectual property rights. For key business applications, strengthen research on key technologies, build standard service platforms for standard verification, testing and simulation, and accelerate the formulation, implementation and application of key standards. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards, integrate domestic research forces to form a joint force, and promote domestic independent innovation research results to the world.
The future Internet of Things is not a technological fantasy, but another technological revolution. The Internet of Things has made a qualitative leap in both goods and service functions. These new functions will bring further efficiency, convenience and safety to users, thus forming a new industry based on these functions. The Internet of Things requires the establishment of an information highway. The rapid development of the mobile Internet and the popularization of fixed-line broadband are the basis for the massive information transmission and interaction of the Internet of Things. Relying on network technology, the Internet of Things will deeply reorganize production factors and supply chains, and become a realistic carrier for informatization to drive industrialization. According to estimates by industry insiders, China's Internet of Things industry chain can create an output value of about 100 billion yuan this year, and it has become the biggest market excitement in the post-3G era. Some industry experts believe that the Internet of Things can improve economic efficiency and greatly save costs on the one hand; on the other hand, it can provide technical power for the recovery of the global economy. Currently, Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, Finland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, etc. are all investing in research and exploring the Internet of Things. At the same time, some experts believe that the establishment of the Internet of Things architecture needs to clarify the interests of the industry chain and establish a new business model. In the new industry chain promotion matrix, the core is to clarify the leading position of telecom operators. The development of the Internet of Things is also the result of the development of ubiquitous computing and ubiquitous networks represented by mobile technology. It drives not only technological progress, but further changes in economic and social forms and innovative forms through application innovation, shaping knowledge The fluid nature of society promotes the formation of the next generation of innovation (Innovation 2.0) oriented to the knowledge society [3]. The development of mobile and wireless technologies and the Internet of Things has made innovation more focused on user experience, and user experience has become the core of next-generation innovation. Open innovation, co-innovation, mass innovation, and user innovation have become new features of innovation in a knowledge-based society. Technology shows its people-oriented side. People-oriented innovation has become a reality with the development of IoT technology. As an active promoter of the Internet of Things, the European Union dreams of establishing a "Future Internet of Things". The "Future Internet 2020: Vision of an Industry Expert Group" published by the EU Information Society and Media Department in May 2009 pointed out that Europe is facing challenges from economic recession, global competition, climate change, and population aging. It will not be a panacea, but we firmly believe that the Internet will be a part or even a major part of the solutions in these and other areas in the future. The four characteristics of the future Internet of Things mentioned in the report: The future Internet infrastructure will require different architectures. The new Web service economy that relies on the Internet of Things will merge the digital and physical worlds to bring new ways to generate value. The future Internet will Including goods, technical space and regulatory space will be separated. There are two items involved in the Internet of Things. The author believes that the top priority is: get rid of the shackles of existing technologies, value spectrum, trust and safety are essential, user-driven innovation brings social changes and encourage new business models.
1. National security issues If large Chinese enterprises and government agencies cooperate with foreign agencies on projects, how can they ensure that business secrets and state secrets are not leaked? This is not only a technical issue, but also a national security issue, which must be taken seriously. 2, privacy issues In the Internet of Things, radio frequency identification technology is a very important technology. In the radio frequency identification system, the tag may be embedded in any item in advance, such as people’s daily life items, but because the owner of the item (such as clothing) may not be able to detect that the item has an electronic tag embedded in advance and itself It may be scanned, located and tracked uncontrollably, which is bound to infringe personal privacy issues. Therefore, how to ensure that the privacy of the tag owner is not violated has become a key issue in the promotion of radio frequency identification technology and even the Internet of Things. Moreover, this is not just a technical issue, but also political and legal issues. This issue must arouse great attention and be resolved technically and legally. The key to the problem of infringement of personal privacy lies in the basic function of the radio frequency identification tag: the identification (ID) or identification code of any tag can be arbitrarily scanned remotely, and the tag automatically and indiscriminately responds to the instructions of the reader and Transmit the stored information to the reader. This feature can be used to track and locate a specific user or item to obtain relevant private information. This brings up the issue of how to ensure that the personal privacy of the holder of the item with the embedded tag is not violated. 3. Business model The business model of the Internet of Things needs to be improved. 4. Policies and regulations of the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is not a small product, nor is it just a small business that can make it. To do it, it not only requires technology, but also involves various industries. , Various industries need the integration of multiple forces. This requires the country's industrial policies and legislation to be in the forefront, and to formulate policies and regulations suitable for the development of this industry to ensure the normal development of the industry. We all know that the automobile industry is a major industry in economic development. For a long time, the policy formulation of China's automobile industry has been controlled by some interest groups. Automobile manufacturers like FAW and SAIC have largely relied on state-owned enterprises. In the name of an important industry, it has affected the country’s policy formulation and controlled this industry, resulting in the inability of new forces to enter China’s auto industry. However, these profitable groups are not enterprising and do not make efforts to conduct research and development at all, taking joint ventures as the only development option. One way, the result is to make money for foreign companies, their own auto industry has not developed, and Chinese consumers have been buying cars far above the international market for more than a decade. As the industrial policy changed, companies such as Chery, Geely, and BYD entered the auto industry, and China's auto industry immediately developed at a high speed, with new models being continuously launched and prices greatly reduced. After World War II, the United States was not particularly strong economically, but in the 1990s, the U.S. information superhighway plan not only invested by the government, but also provided a lot of support in industrial policies, leading to a high speed in the U.S. information industry. With development, the world’s PC and Internet-based information industry is now completely controlled by the Americans. Not only have they obtained huge benefits, but even political benefits, cultural dissemination, and value dissemination have played a huge role. Therefore, for the complex Internet of Things, there must be government policy support, and the government must have specialized personnel and institutions to research and coordinate, so that the Internet of Things can develop in a real sense. Otherwise, it can only make small achievements. Will do a lot.
5. The unification and coordination of technical standards. We all know that the Internet has developed to this day. One thing is solved very well, that is, the problem of standardization is solved very well. The global transmission protocol TCP/IP protocol, router protocol, terminal architecture and The operating system, these are all solved very well, therefore, we can use every computer to connect to the Internet in any corner of the world, and we can easily surf the Internet. In the development process of the Internet of Things, a large number of technologies will appear at all levels of sensing, transmission, and application, and different technical solutions may be adopted. If you go your own way, the result will be catastrophic. A large number of small and broken private networks cannot connect to each other, cannot connect to each other, cannot form economies of scale, cannot form an integrated business model, and cannot reduce R&D costs. Therefore, unify technical standards as soon as possible and form a management mechanism. This is the problem that the Internet of Things will face immediately. At the beginning, the problem is solved well, and it will be easy in the future. If it is not solved at the beginning, it will be difficult to return, then the problem will be difficult in the future. solve. This question is related to the first question. If the government does not have a special department to manage and coordinate, and there are no corresponding policies and regulations, how can the unification and coordination of standards come about? 6. The formation of a management platform What is the Internet of Things? We often say RFID, which is just perception. In fact, the perception technology already exists. Although it may not be mature, it is not difficult to develop. But where is the value of the Internet of Things? It lies in the net, not in the object. Sensing is easy, but the sensed information is meaningless without a huge network system that cannot be managed and integrated. Therefore, it is a big problem to establish a nationwide, huge, and comprehensive business management platform to collect all kinds of sensor information, manage it in different categories, and conduct directional transmission. A small company can even develop sensing technology and sensor applications. But a small business cannot build a nationwide and efficient network. Without this platform, the result of separate governance must be low efficiency, high cost, difficult to develop, and difficult to achieve results. This platform is the most powerful and possible for telecom operators to build. It is also possible that in this process, new management platform construction and providers will appear. I also believe that the builders of this platform will gain a better market position and even be the biggest beneficiary in the future development of the Internet of Things. 7. The establishment and formation of the security system The current sensing technology of the Internet of Things is mainly RFID. The product implanted with this chip may be perceived by anyone. For the owner of the product, there is such a system. It can be easily managed. However, it also has a huge problem. Other people can also perceive, such as product competitors. Then how can I use this valuable information in the process of perception, transmission, and application, but not be used? Used by others, especially not by competitors. This requires work on security to form a strong security system. It should now be said that what security issues will arise, how to deal with these security issues, and how to shield them are some very complicated issues, or even unclear. But these issues must be worth noting, especially the provider of this management platform. If the security problem is not solved well, one day the valuable Internet of Things will become a convenient platform for providing information to competitors, then its value will be greatly reduced, and no enterprise will be willing and daring to use it.
8. Application development The value of the Internet of Things is not a sensory network, but various industries must participate in the application. Different industries will have different applications and different requirements. These must be based on the characteristics of the industry. , Conduct in-depth research and valuable development. The development of these applications cannot rely on operators, nor can they rely solely on so-called Internet of Things companies, because neither operators nor technology companies can understand the requirements and specific characteristics of the industry. To a large extent, this is a very difficult step and it takes time to wait. An IoT system needs to be basically formed, some applications are needed to form a demonstration, and more traditional industries feel the value of the IoT, so that more companies can see the meaning of the IoT and the business that the IoT may bring Value will also combine its own applications and businesses with the Internet of Things. The requirements of the industry and the specific characteristics of this industry. To a large extent, this is a very difficult step and it takes time to wait. An IoT system needs to be basically formed, some applications are needed to form a demonstration, and more traditional industries feel the value of the IoT, so that more companies can see the meaning of the IoT and the business that the IoT may bring Value, it will also combine its own application and business with the Internet of Things
